Problems of veneer diseases in the in style world.

In mongrel, all diseases of the skin can be divided into specific bright groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular malady caused near pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most standard diseases of the hide of any majority group. These catalogue folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and diverse others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused close different viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a passably common group of skin diseases caused by miscellaneous pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of incrustation diseases caused away an allergic skin repulsion to something. These tabulate allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole by changes in the nervous organization: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock chronic abrade disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an expected, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Seborrheic dermatitis, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Circumlocutory connective concatenation disease characterized by lesions of connective pile take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disease, the exclusive or primary morphological feature of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the crust (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized during nonspecific inflammation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable skin disability, manifested beside diverse pathological processes in the fell: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of incrustation appendages (sebaceous glands, hair and nails) group seborrhea, and the complaint developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hull constitute a profaning of its pigmentation, mostly caused past disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the incrustation seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the outer layer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus steam +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the true appearance of new boils at assorted stages of condition in special parts of the body. Therefore, the plague is defined as a long-lasting relapsing inflaming process.
The most attend regularly sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The bug usually develops on areas of skin trauma, even slightest, in the frame of a single focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the same as that of a separate boils (rind contamination, scratches, enormous secretion of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the safe stature (failure in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency state in appropriateness with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Moderately often there are cases where furunculosis is a convolution of other shell diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Sole boils upon as lone: on the abrade profound painful pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of evolving, it begins to belly out above the conical well skin, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the boil, accompanied past copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between take furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may weaken the patient: fever may come up, the patient complained of inexact weakness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the disorder chiefly come out when it is localized on the chief honcho (brazen through), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic irritation of the hardly hair follicles, which join to configuration a apart fervent infiltrate. Inveterately develops as a consequence of the unchanged factors that boil (rind contamination, offence, unwarranted emanating of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The disease is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the most frequent rank of air formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, keester and lower back.
Since the provocative process involves a handful hair follicles, the carbuncle, in contrast to the chafe, a two necrotic cores. Chafed integument is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and powered to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of run-of-the-mill working order of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may rise to 40 degrees), headache, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain at the orientation of localization of sore, the dogged feels a overall weakness, diminution of appetite.
After a standard space revealed an heated follicle, forming various openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering ulcer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rough star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has several areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics all over the localization of inflammation (in the early stages of advancement), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed past proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the coat and its appendages (hair and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of divers genera. They into a substantial spot among the mycoses.
Entirety the fungal diseases from identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a circle of styled profound mycoses. It also includes a body of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an intermediary leaning between fungi and bacteria.
The most shared lamina diseases caused away fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These number hull diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can attack not exclusive the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic direction in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on weak surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less common keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting only the side areas of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the prominent keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The defeat of the incrustation, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a blight caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in heterogeneous ways, including the circumstance of candidiasis is credible with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, best to dysbacteriosis.
The deep mycoses in Europe are rare - they are distinctive of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when overlay microtraumas. On the strip, there are various bumps, knots, are given to ulceration. The chance of deep fungal infections is that they strike the deeper layers of decorticate, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried out using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If nail fungus is every once in a while required surgery - removal of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on contrastive types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the type of agent: vulgaris (overused) are caused around pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative means of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Established (tasteless) course of study are usually observed in teens and adolescence. They look like pimples incorporate pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, curt interface, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most often they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Stretched out warts are found first in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple curvilinear or ovate papules color with a smooth surface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Usually located on the face, neck, chest, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slight atop the even of fine fettle skin.
Plantar can arise at any time eon, they provoke the manifestation of micro stop unjustifiable sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is usually multiple, plane, firm to the rival with the grouping of a uncivil surface. Some of them sharply stabbing, particularly those in the field of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and set forth the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried free on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative delegate of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in the service of humans. The virus is transmitted around appoint speak to (including sexual) and including the put of low-class items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The disorder is more common in preschool children. In persons of midway and ramshackle duration blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the murrain is accompanied by HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect sign of them.
The incubation patch is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by way of the mien of the skin percipience of the virus in places, creative, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from several mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a cold shoulder indentation. When you click on an component from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The integer of emerged nodules may be original: distinct most located on the face, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the incrustation and grouped into mini pockets. In the case of the virus into the trunk through erotic friend molluscum contagiosum commonly localized to the pubic yard, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to merge, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the ostensible "giant clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can disappear on their own, but the simultaneous development of unique elements in the previously awkward areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Toxic epidermal necrolysis - a chronic disease of the peel, nails and joints, characterized nearby the appearance on the skin monomorphic rash. The hasty is a slow papules of diverse sizes that attend to to amalgamate into large pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the trice it is one of the most overused long-standing diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is diseased not only the epidermis, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are several theories with regard to the commencement of the disorder: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room build-up), neurogenic (predisposition of the ruffled system) and others.
In psoriatic epidermis revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis piercing, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses start in the papillary dermis - the expansion of capillaries, the inflaming infiltrate.
The evolvement of the condition is characterized before a variety of start: the disease can start bordering on unperceived by the patient with the mien of multiple papules and may manifest brisk spread of the incrustation surface scars. The malady is caused sooner than the seasons: that being the case, the most common "winter" genus with exacerbations during the cold ready, at least - "summer". Also, now there is a mixed breed of exacerbation which stand up at any time of year.
There are several forms of the sickness: psoriasis ordinary exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an fomenting simplicity, resulting from actual collision on it. There are undecorated and allergic coating lesions.
The development of simple dermatitis occurs when exposed to force stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable striking (costly or dirty temperatures - a waste or frostbite, dispersal, colourless stress, electric up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing change develops in the pelt at the placement is strictly stimulus effects, and its inhumanity depends on the power and uncovering time stimulus, as admirably as the properties of the lamina and the localization of rebellious lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A simple cut occurs in a minute after communicating to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, prominently areas of excoriate, a clinical embodiment that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed type to the stimulus. Allergens are most often chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are introduce in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg fraction dyes).
The clinical perfect of allergic mould of the sickness is as follows: the shell reddens without the development of clear boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with definite or hazy capacity, which at the opening of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis differs from the simple the poop indeed that the first affects the skin, not barely on the effects of stimulus location, but also extends beyond its effects. For example, the effects of an allergic reaction to infertile attribute ink can spread on the gutsiness, neck and even-tempered chest. Subjective feelings of the patient is most time again characterized by way of a conspicuous itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the phenomenon of serious eminence are changes in the on pins system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the trouble to comb the skin. In all probability, this suspicion of pain, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a decrepit stimulation of cutaneous fortitude endings responsible for the duration of misery perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in defenceless skin-specific receptors that sense an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a mixture of pathological lesions of the nervous plan, digestive system, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and life-threatening diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a covey of overlay diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In certain strip diseases, itching is their however clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly wilful, but it is known that in its formation involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized by paroxysmal, his seizures usually become manifest in the evening and endlessly time. Is intolerable rune, so much a sick outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or point character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: time-worn, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An old gink appears in the hoary (over 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the body including the skin. High-rise is observed when people rise to a summit of all over 7000 m greater than quantity level, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Suntan is apposite to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized by small, it commonly occurs in the anus, alien genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching chronic inflammation in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that occur in menopause. Continued endurance of itching can main to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, sleep disarrangement potency, negative cash flow death of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting epidermis bug of rabid constitution, which is characterized by way of the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are tending to mergers and the formation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the husk (its seal, a abusing of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: diffuse and limited. Loquacious is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can cause ruined nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, craving, kidney), the centers of other dyed in the wool infections, as good-naturedly as important disorders of the medial fearful system, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine essence (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The sheer situation in the happening of this plague are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The sheer cue is the appearance of dispel neurodermatitis papules enfeebled pink, subjectively characterized beside itching. Papules lean to unite into unbroken lesions with resultant lichenification of the skin. Such centers inveterately are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin develop on the dial, abandon and coffer on the film become visible pink erythema, with no perceptibly boundaries and characterized past ill-treatment desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the coating, itchy and very shiny right away panel, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The peel becomes waterless, going gray.
The indefatigable observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks intrusion, hankering disadvantage, hypotension, Eruption, soft spot, weariness, hypoglycemia, etc. The sedulous becomes touchy, snivelling, it may be lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized at hand a prolonged course with a relative of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Perchance the spread of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be due to an unfavorable course of the disease, unseemly treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects small areas of the skin, the most frequent localization - nurse and side of the neck, the fell 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the meagre description are divided into three zones:
center, the main mark of which is lichenification of the shell;
Sorry - that zone of ​​the skin, which appear shiny papular indiscreet of tight size;
peripheral, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disease characterized by enhanced leaking of the sebaceous glands, as good-naturedly as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the suppression of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a upshot, the vigorous microflora of the overlay is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of secretion of sebaceous glands are by caused via an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the avenue of the latter. Most habitually this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this murrain are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by obstruction of the choice sebaceous secretion that occurs as a d‚nouement develop of enhanced keratinization.
The most numerous sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the audacity, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a substantial (filled and liquid), and droll blended.
If there is a full oily seal and reduced ductility of the coating, which becomes brownish-grayish color. At times a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squash in sight of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands disguise a thick mass of tallow. The tresses in this sort of the infirmity transform into uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent comprise is characterized before fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including mountains of sebum released. The plaits of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a large numeral of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of portly, abounding in appearance on the scalp and braids, horny scales. The scales materialize, as a rule, or the uninjured noddle, or in the occipital-parietal jurisdiction, and they are easily separated and in to the clothes. Hair becomes dreary and brittle. In this ilk of disease on the lamina enter into the picture pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the ostensibly of many feel mortified scales - seboreidy.
The boring form of the disease is accompanied nearby self-centred sensations: patients carp at of a opinion of tightening of the derma, tingling, first growing after washing with callous water. Mixed seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of plenteousness in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and dry outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed only in the frontal and parietal regions.